@(工作笔记)

pyenv-record

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brew install pyenv

brew install pyenv-virtualenv

export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
  • pyenv: pyenv 工具自身
  • pyenv-virtualenv: pyenv 的插件可以用来管理 vierual environments
  • pyenv-update: 用来更新 pyenv 的插件
  • pyenv-doctor: 验证 pyenv 和依赖是否安装的插件
  • pyenv-which-ext: 用来寻找相同命令的插件

这里的 shell 配置文件（~/.bash_profile）需要按照不同 Linux 作修改，如果使用 Zsh 则需要相应的配置 ~/.zshrc

在使用 pyenv 之后使用 pip 安装的第三方模块会自动安装到当前使用 python 版本下，不会和系统模块产生冲突。使用 pip 安装模块之后，如果没有生效，记得使用 pyenv rehash 来更新 shims 路径。

pyenv global 2.7.3  # 设置全局的 Python 版本，通过将版本号写入 ~/.pyenv/version 文件的方式。
pyenv local 2.7.3 # 设置 Python 本地版本，通过将版本号写入当前目录下的 .python-version 文件的方式。通过这种方式设置的 Python 版本优先级较 global 高。

pyenv doctor breaks on OpenSSL 1.1

On MacOS Mojave (10.14) I was able to run pyenv doctor with these variables exported:

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include

openssl is installed with brew (notice the caveats)

ls -l /usr/local/opt/openssl
lrwxr-xr-x  1 kristofferb  admin  24 Dec  8 15:10 /usr/local/opt/openssl -> ../Cellar/openssl/1.0.2q

brew info openssl
openssl: stable 1.0.2q (bottled) [keg-only]
SSL/TLS cryptography library
https://openssl.org/
/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2q (1,795 files, 12.1MB)
  Poured from bottle on 2018-12-08 at 15:10:47
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/openssl.rb
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
the System keychain), place .pem files in
  /usr/local/etc/openssl/certs

and run
  /usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash

openssl is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.

If you need to have openssl first in your PATH run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find openssl you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"

For pkg-config to find openssl you may need to set:
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig"

Uninstalling pyenv

The simplicity of pyenv makes it easy to temporarily disable it, or uninstall from the system.

  1. To disable pyenv managing your Python versions, simply remove the pyenv init line from your shell startup configuration. This will remove pyenv shims directory from PATH, and future invocations like python will execute the system Python version, as before pyenv.

pyenv will still be accessible on the command line, but your Python apps won't be affected by version switching.

  1. To completely uninstall pyenv, perform step (1) and then remove its root directory. This will delete all Python versions that were installed under $(pyenv root)/versions/ directory:

    rm -rf $(pyenv root)

    If you've installed pyenv using a package manager, as a final step perform the pyenv package removal. For instance, for Homebrew:

     brew uninstall pyenv

https://www.jianshu.com/p/af1f8d7b6b31

pyenv install --list # 列出可安装版本
pyenv install <version> # 安装对应版本
pyenv install -v <version> # 安装对应版本，若发生错误，可以显示详细的错误信息
pyenv versions # 显示当前使用的python版本
pyenv which python # 显示当前python安装路径
pyenv global <version> # 设置默认Python版本
pyenv local <version> # 当前路径创建一个.python-version, 以后进入这个目录自动切换为该版本
pyenv shell <version> # 当前shell的session中启用某版本，优先级高于global 及 local

pyenv virtualenv env # 从默认版本创建虚拟环境
pyenv virtualenv 3.6.4 env-3.6.4 # 创建3.6.4版本的虚拟环境
pyenv activate env-3.6.4 # 激活 env-3.6.4 这个虚拟环境
pyenv deactivate # 停用当前的虚拟环境

# 自动激活
# 使用pyenv local 虚拟环境名
# 会把`虚拟环境名`写入当前目录的.python-version文件中
# 关闭自动激活 -> pyenv local --unset
# 启动自动激活 -> pyenv local env-3.6.4
pyenv local env-3.6.4

pyenv uninstall env-3.6.4 # 删除 env-3.6.4 这个虚拟环境

#查看python版本列表
pyenv install --list

#安装3.5.0版本
pyenv install -v 3.5.0

# 卸载
pyenv uninstall 3.5.0

#安装/卸载完成后必须rehash database
pyenv rehash

这里要提到一点是，安装过程中楼主遇到了以下错误，然后搜到解决办法如下：

ERROR: The Python ssl extension was not compiled. Missing the OpenSSL lib?

Please consult to the Wiki page to fix the problem.
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems


BUILD FAILED (OS X 10.13.1 using python-build 20160602)
CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include" \
LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib" \
pyenv install 3.4.2

# 设置面向 shell 的 Python 版本，通过设置当前 shell 的 PYENV_VERSION 环境变量的方式。
# 这个版本的优先级比 local 和 global 都要高。--unset 参数可以用于取消当前 shell 设定的版本。
pyenv shell 3.5.0

#取消某版本切换
pyenv shell --unset

pyenv uninstall python3env

查看当前虚拟环境列表

pyenv virtualenvs

删除某虚拟环境

pyenv uninstall 虚拟环境名

Python多版本管理

查看包路径

pip show pip

virtualenvs 怎么玩?

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